Medical instrument detection in ultrasound: a review

Abstract Medical instrument detection is essential for computer-assisted interventions, since it facilitates clinicians to find instruments efficiently with a better interpretation, thereby improving clinical outcomes. This article reviews image-based medical methods ultrasound-guided (US-guided) operations. Literature selected based on an exhaustive search in different sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We first discuss the key applications of US, delivering regional anesthesia, biopsy taking, prostate brachytherapy, catheterization. Then, we present comprehensive review methodologies, non-machine-learning machine-learning methods. The conventional were extensively studied before era machine learning principal issues potential research directions future studies are summarized intervention community. In conclusion, although promising results have been obtained by current (non-) applications, thorough validations still required.